Inpatient observation after phototherapy ≥35-week newborns: a retrospective study of bilirubin rebound
Observación hospitalaria tras fototerapia en recién nacidos de ≥35 semanas: un estudio retrospectivo del rebote de bilirrubina
Carolina Solé-Delgado, Lidya De la Torre-Martín, Paula Ferreo-Santos, Mikel Uribe-Echevarría Domínguez, Astrid Puente-Goytizolo, Elvira Cobo-Vázquez
Abstract
Introduction: phototherapy (PT) is an effective treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia; however, controversy persists regarding the need for in-hospital observation after discontinuation to detect possible “rebound.” The aim was to evaluate the frequency with which hospitalization is prolonged solely for bilirubin monitoring after discontinuing PT and its usefulness in identifying clinically significant rebound.
Material and methods: a retrospective analytical cohort study was conducted in a tertiary hospital (2019–2022), including newborns ≥35 weeks admitted for hyperbilirubinemia and treated with PT. Two strategies after discontinuation of PT were compared: inpatient observation versus discharge with outpatient follow-up. The primary outcome was the detection of rebound, defined as the return of bilirubin to the phototherapy threshold within 72-96 hours.
Results: 155 infants were included; 60 (38.7%) remained hospitalized for monitoring and 95 (61.2%) were discharged with outpatient follow-up. Baseline characteristics, bilirubin levels, and duration of PT were similar between groups. The total hospital stay was longer in the observation group (mean 2.57 days) than in the immediate discharge group (1.75 days), but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.053). The overall incidence of rebound was 3.2% (5/155): one case was detected during in-hospital observation and four during outpatient follow-up (48–72 hours). No adverse events were reported.
Conclusions: clinically significant rebound after phototherapy discontinuation was uncommon and rarely detected during immediate inpatient observation. In selected low-risk term newborns with reliable outpatient follow-up, routine prolongation of hospitalization for rebound monitoring may be unnecessary, whereas higher-risk infants may still require closer surveillance. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the retrospective single-center design and the limited number of rebound events.
Keywords
Resumen
Introducción: La fototerapia (FT) es un tratamiento eficaz para la hiperbilirrubinemia neonatal; sin embargo, persiste la controversia sobre la necesidad de observación hospitalaria tras su interrupción para detectar un posible efecto rebote. El objetivo fue evaluar la frecuencia con la que se prolonga la hospitalización únicamente para el control de la bilirrubina tras la interrupción de la FT y su utilidad para identificar un efecto rebote clínicamente significativo.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte analítico retrospectivo en un hospital de tercer nivel (2019-2022), que incluyó a recién nacidos ≥35 semanas ingresados por hiperbilirrubinemia y tratados con FT. Se compararon dos estrategias tras la interrupción de la FT: observación hospitalaria frente a alta con seguimiento ambulatorio. El resultado principal fue la detección del efecto rebote, definido como el retorno de la bilirrubina al umbral de fototerapia en un plazo de 72 a 96 horas.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 155 lactantes; 60 (38,7 %) permanecieron hospitalizados para monitorización y 95 (61,2 %) fueron dados de alta con seguimiento ambulatorio. Las características basales, los niveles de bilirrubina y la duración de la fototerapia fueron similares entre los grupos. La estancia hospitalaria total fue más prolongada en el grupo de observación (media de 2,57 días) que en el grupo de alta inmediata (1,75 días), pero esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa (p=0,053). La incidencia global de rebote fue del 3,2% (5/155): se detectó un caso durante la observación hospitalaria y cuatro durante el seguimiento ambulatorio (48-72 horas). No se notificaron eventos adversos.
Conclusiones: el rebote clínicamente significativo tras la interrupción de la fototerapia fue infrecuente y rara vez se detectó durante la observación hospitalaria inmediata. En recién nacidos a término de bajo riesgo seleccionados con un seguimiento ambulatorio fiable, la prolongación rutinaria de la hospitalización para la monitorización del rebote podría ser innecesaria, mientras que los lactantes de mayor riesgo podrían requerir una vigilancia más estrecha. Estos hallazgos deben interpretarse con cautela debido al diseño retrospectivo de un solo centro y al número limitado de casos de rebote.
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References
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Submitted date:
03/05/2026
Reviewed date:
05/16/2026
Accepted date:
05/29/2026
Publication date:
05/29/2026
