Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MDQI) of the pregnant women
Índice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea (MDQI) en mujeres embarazadas
Fatih Sırıken, Arif Aktuğ Ertekin, Bengü Depboylu, Ayla Gülden Pekcan, Emre Zafer, Hakan Öztürk
Abstract
Introduction: This study aimed to determine pregnant women's nutritional status and habits in the middle and low-income groups and the level of compliance with the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet supports healthy fetal growth and development by providing sufficient nutrients for pregnant women and protecting against the development of obstetrical pathologies.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-two pregnant women aged 17-45 were included. The demographic characteristics and anthropometric measurements, systolic blood pressure, fasting, and postprandial blood glucose values were noted.24-hour recall was determined and The Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (MDQI) developed by Gerber et al. was used to assess nutritional status. Nutritional habits and food attitude changes during gestation were recorded.
Results: Overall, 15.2% of the pregnant women had good, 54.5% had medium-good, and %29.5 had medium-poor adherence to MDQI. The dietary macronutrient intakes were close to the daily dietary recommended intakes (DRI); however, micronutrient intakes were below the recommendations. Pre-pregnancy mean BMI was found to be 26.4 kg/m2.
Conclusions: According to the mean pre-pregnant BMI, the pregnant women were overweight, and their adherence to the Mediterranean diet needed to be improved. General measures should be taken to improve pregnant women's diets and micronutrient intakes, even in the Mediterranean countries where this diet is the daily nutrition habit of local inhabitant pregnant women.
Keywords
Resumen
Introducción: La dieta mediterránea contribuye a un crecimiento y desarrollo fetal saludable, proporcionando suficientes nutrientes a mujeres embarazadas y protegiendo contra el desarrollo de patologías obstétricas. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar el estado nutricional y los hábitos de mujeres embarazadas de grupos de ingresos medios y bajos y su nivel de cumplimiento de la dieta mediterránea.
Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron y siguieron a 132 gestantes de entre 17 y 45 años. Se anotaron sus características demográficas y medidas antropométricas, presión arterial sistólica, y glucemia en ayunas y posprandial. Para evaluar su estado nutricional se utilizaron registros dietéticos de consumo de 24 horas y el indice de calidad de la dieta mediterránea (MDQI). Se registraron los hábitos nutricionales y los cambios de actitud alimentaria durante la gestación.
Resultados: En general, la adherencia de las gestantes al MDQI fue buena en el 15,2%, media-buena en el 54.5%, y media-mala en el 29,5% de los casos. Las ingestas dietéticas de macronutrientes se aproximaron a las ingestas diarias recomendadas (IDR); sin embargo, la ingesta de micronutrientes estuvo por debajo de las recomendaciones. El IMC medio antes del embarazo era de 26,4 kg/m2.
Conclusiones: De acuerdo con el IMC medio previo al embarazo, las gestantes tenían sobrepeso y debían mejorar su adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Es necesario tomar medidas generales para mejorar la dieta y la ingesta de micronutrientes de mujeres embarazadas, incluso en países mediterráneo donde esta dieta es el hábito nutricional diario de sus habitantes.
Palabras clave
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Submitted date:
03/15/2023
Reviewed date:
06/14/2023
Accepted date:
06/27/2023
Publication date:
06/27/2023
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